Cholesterol comprises three main lipoproteins: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C).
For a significant period, the prevailing belief was that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was considered "good cholesterol," and that higher levels were better for health.Is this correct?
Good cholesterol" is accurate. HDL cholesterol is often referred to as "good cholesterol" because it plays a crucial role in the reverse transport of cholesterol. It facilitates the removal of excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and tissues, transporting it to the liver for breakdown and excretion. This process helps prevent the accumulation of cholesterol in blood vessels, reducing the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Therefore, when patients ask the doctors about the results of lipid tests, they will say that HDL cholesterol is "good cholesterol", the higher the better, and LDL cholesterol is "bad cholesterol", the lower the better, otherwise there is a risk of atherosclerosis.
Good" things like high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), there is a normal range, and this range can vary between men and women.the normal range for HDL-C is slightly different for men and women, typically falling within the ranges you specified: 1.16-1.42 mmol/L for men and 1.29-1.55 mmol/L for women.
1. Chronic liver disease
Chronic hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and other conditions can elevate HDL cholesterol levels above normal. This is often attributed to impaired liver function, leading to abnormal lipid metabolism in the body.
2. Chronic toxic diseases
Chronic toxic diseases, such as mercury, lead, n-hexane, cadmium, formaldehyde, alcohol and other toxic diseases, can lead to abnormal lipid metabolism in the body, resulting in high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
3. Hereditary hyperHDL-emia
Research from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania has revealed that individuals with impaired SCARB1 gene function exhibit significantly elevated levels of HDL cholesterol in their bloodstream.
Paradoxically, these individuals face a heightened risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart disease.
4. Drug-induced elevation
The administration of substances like estrogen, hydrochloric acid, insulin, heparin, contraceptives, cholesterol-lowering medications, vitamin E, and certain drugs can lead to elevated HDL cholesterol levels. It's important to note that these increases are typically not substantial, and upon discontinuation or reduction of the medication, HDL cholesterol levels tend to return to the normal range.
5. Physiologic elevation
Regular exercise and moderate alcohol consumption can contribute to higher HDL cholesterol levels. Athletes and individuals engaged in physically demanding work often exhibit elevated HDL cholesterol, typically within the normal range.
However, it's important to note that light to moderate alcohol consumption can also increase total cholesterol levels in the bloodstream.
Having body indicators within the normal range is generally conducive to good health. When these indicators fall outside the normal range, there can be potential side effects. Therefore, it's advisable for individuals who discover high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels outside the normal range to investigate the underlying causes and consider appropriate interventions.
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